Advanced algorithms
Available algorithms
nxalg

nxalg

This module, named nxalg, provides a comprehensive set of thin wrappers around most of the algorithms present in the NetworkX (opens in a new tab) package. The wrapper functions have the capability to create a NetworkX compatible graph-like object that can stream the native database graph directly saving on memory usage significantly.

Source code
TraitValue
Module typemodule
ImplementationPython
Graph directiondirected/undirected
Edge weightsweighted/unweighted
Parallelismsequential
💡

If you are not satisfied with the performance of algorithms from the nxalg module, check Memgraph's native implementation of algorithms such as PageRank, betweenness centrality, and others written in C++.

Procedures

You can execute this algorithm on graph projections, subgraphs or portions of the graph.

all_shortest_paths()

Compute all simple shortest paths in the graph. A simple path is a path with no repeated nodes.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

  • source: Vertex ➡ Starting node for the path.

  • target: Vertex ➡ Ending node for the path.

  • weight: string (default=NULL) ➡ If NULL, every relationship has weight/distance/cost 1. If a string, use this relationship property as the relationship weight. Any relationship property not present defaults to 1.

  • method: string (default="dijkstra") ➡ The algorithm used to compute the path lengths. Supported options: dijkstra, bellman-ford. Other inputs produce a ValueError. If weight is None, unweighted graph methods are used, and this suggestion is ignored.

Output:

  • paths: List[Vertex] ➡ List of ndoes for a certain path.

Usage:

To find all shortest paths, use the following query:

MATCH (n:Label), (m:Label)
CALL nxalg.all_shortest_paths(n, m) 
YIELD paths
RETURN paths;

all_simple_paths()

Returns all simple paths in the graph G from source to target. A simple path is a path with no repeated nodes.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

  • source: Vertex ➡ Starting node for the path.

  • target: Vertex ➡ Ending node for the path.

  • cutoff: List[integer] (default=NULL) ➡ Depth to stop the search. Only paths of length <= cutoff are returned.

Output:

  • paths: List[Vertex] ➡ List of nodes of a certain path. If there are no paths between the source and target within the given cutoff there is no output.

Usage:

To find all simple paths, use the following query:

MATCH (n:Label), (m:Label)
CALL nxalg.all_simple_paths(n, m, 5) 
YIELD paths
RETURN paths;

ancestors()

Returns all nodes having a path to source in G.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

  • source: Vertex ➡ Starting node. Calculates all nodes that have a path to source.

Output:

  • ancestors: List[Vertex] ➡ List of vertices that have a path toward source node.

Usage:

To find ancestors, use the following query:

MATCH (n:Label)
CALL nxalg.ancestors(n) 
YIELD ancestors
RETURN ancestors;

betweenness_centrality()

Compute the shortest-path betweenness centrality for nodes. Betweenness centrality is a measure of centrality in a graph based on shortest paths. Centrality identifies the most important nodes within a graph.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

  • k: string (default=NULL) ➡ If k is not None, use k node samples to estimate betweenness. The value of k <= n where n is the number of nodes in the graph. Higher values give a better approximation.

  • normalized: boolean (default=True) ➡ If True the betweenness values are normalized by 2/((n-1)(n-2)) for graphs, and 1/((n-1)(n-2)) for directed graphs where n is the number of nodes in G.

  • weight: string (default=NULL) ➡ If None, all relationship weights are considered equal. Otherwise holds the name of the relationship attribute used as weight.

  • endpoints: boolean (default=False) ➡ If True, includes the endpoints in the shortest path counts.

  • seed: integer (default=NULL) ➡ Indicator of random number generation state. Note that this is only used if k is not None.

Output:

  • node: Vertex ➡ Graph node for betweenness calculation.
  • betweenness: double ➡ Value of betweenness for a given node.

Usage:

To calculate betweenness centrality, use the following query:

CALL nxalg.betweenness_centrality(20, True) 
YIELD node, betweenness
RETURN node, betweenness;

bfs_edges()

Iterate over relationships in a breadth-first-search starting at source.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

  • source: Vertex ➡ Specify starting node for breadth-first search. This function iterates only over relationships in the component that are reachable from this node.

  • reverse: boolean (default=False) ➡ If True, traverse a directed graph in the reverse direction.

  • depth_limit: integer (default=NULL) ➡ Specify the maximum search depth.

Output:

  • edges: List[Edge] ➡ List of relationships in the breadth-first search.

Usage:

To iterate over relationships in a breadth-first-search, use the following query:

MATCH (n:Label)
CALL nxalg.bfs_edges(n, False) 
YIELD edges
RETURN edges;

bfs_predecessors()

Returns an iterator of predecessors in breadth-first-search from source.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

  • source: Vertex ➡ Specify starting node for breadth-first search.

  • depth_limit: integer (default=NULL) ➡ Specify the maximum search depth.

Output:

  • node: Vertex ➡ Node in a graph.
  • predecessors: List[Vertex] ➡ List of predecessors of given node.

Usage:

To find the iterator of predecessorss, run the following query:

MATCH (n:Label)
CALL nxalg.bfs_predecessors(n, 10) 
YIELD node, predecessors
RETURN node, predecessors;

bfs_successors()

Returns an iterator of successors in breadth-first-search from source.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

  • source: Vertex ➡ Specify starting node for breadth-first search.

  • depth_limit: integer (default=NULL) ➡ Specify the maximum search depth.

Output:

  • node: Vertex ➡ Node in a graph.
  • successors: List[Vertex] ➡ List of successors of given node.

Usage:

To find the iterator of successors, run the following query:

MATCH (n:Label)
CALL nxalg.bfs_successors(n, 5) 
YIELD node, successors
RETURN node, successors;

bfs_tree()

Returns an oriented tree constructed from of a breadth-first-search starting at source.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

  • source: Vertex ➡ Specify starting node for breadth-first search.

  • reversed: boolean (default=False) ➡ If True, traverse a directed graph in the reverse direction.

  • depth_limit: integer (default=NULL) ➡ Specify the maximum search depth.

Output:

  • tree: List[Vertex] ➡ An oriented tree in a list format.

Usage:

To get an oriented tree, run the following query:

MATCH (n:Label)
CALL nxalg.bfs_tree(n, True, 3) 
YIELD tree
RETURN n, tree;

biconnected_components()

Returns a list of sets of nodes, one set for each biconnected component of the graph

Biconnected components are maximal subgraphs such that the removal of a node (and all relationships incident on that node) will not disconnect the subgraph. Note that nodes may be part of more than one biconnected component. Those nodes are articulation points or cut vertices. The removal of articulation points will increase the number of connected components of the graph.

Notice that by convention a dyad is considered a biconnected component.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • components: List[List[Vertex]] ➡ A list of sets of nodes, one set for each biconnected component.

Usage:

To find biconnected components, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.biconnected_components() 
YIELD components
RETURN components;

bridges()

Returns all bridges in a graph.

A bridge in a graph is a relationship which when removed causes the number of connected components of the graph to increase. Equivalently, a bridge is an relationship that does not belong to any cycle.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • root: Vertex (default=NULL) ➡ A node in the graph G. If specified, only the bridges in the connected components containing this node will be returned.

Output:

  • bridges: List[Edge] ➡ A list of relationships in the graph which when removed disconnects the graph (or causes the number of connected components to increase).

Usage:

To find all bridges in a graph:

CALL nxalg.bridges() 
YIELD bridges
RETURN bridges;

center()

Returns the center of the graph G.

The center is the set of nodes with eccentricity equal to the radius.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • center: List[Vertex] ➡ List of nodes in center.

Usage:

To find the center of the graph, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.center() 
YIELD center
RETURN center;

chain_decomposition()

Returns the chain decomposition of a graph.

The chain decomposition of a graph with respect to a depth-first search tree is a set of cycles or paths derived from the set of fundamental cycles of the tree in the following manner. Consider each fundamental cycle with respect to the given tree, represented as a list of relationships beginning with the non-tree relationship oriented away from the root of the tree. For each fundamental cycle, if it overlaps with any previous fundamental cycle, just take the initial non-overlapping segment, which is a path instead of a cycle. Each cycle or path is called a chain.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • root: Vertex[default=NULL] ➡ Optional. A node in the graph G. If specified, only the chain decomposition for the connected component containing this node will be returned. This node indicates the root of the depth-first Search tree.

Output:

  • chains: List[List[Edge]] ➡ A list of relationships representing a chain. There is no guarantee on the orientation of the relationships in each chain (for example, if a chain includes the relationship joining nodes 1 and 2, the chain may include either (1, 2) or (2, 1)).

Usage:

To get the chain decomposition of a graph, run the following query:

MATCH (n:Label)
CALL nxalg.chain_decomposition(n) 
YIELD chains
RETURN chains;

check_planarity()

Check if a graph is planar.

A graph is planar if it can be drawn in a plane without any relationship intersections.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • is_planar: boolean ➡ True if the graph is planar.

Usage:

To check if the graph is planar, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.check_planarity() 
YIELD is_planar
RETURN is_planar;

clustering()

Compute the clustering coefficient for nodes.

A clustering coefficient is a measure of the degree to which nodes in a graph tend to cluster together.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • nodes: List[Vertex] (default=NULL) ➡ Compute clustering for nodes in this container.
  • weight: string (default=NULL) ➡ The relationship attribute that holds the numerical value used as a weight. If None, then each relationship has weight 1.

Output:

  • node: Vertex ➡ Node in graph for calculation of clustering.
  • clustering: double ➡ Clustering coefficient at specified nodes.

Usage:

To compute the clustering coefficient, run the following query:

MATCH (n:SpecificLabel)
WITH COLLECT(n) AS cluster_nodes
CALL nxalg.clustering(cluster_nodes) 
YIELD node, clustering
RETURN node, clustering;

communicability()

Returns communicability between all pairs of nodes in G.

The communicability between pairs of nodes in G is the sum of closed walks of different lengths starting at node u and ending at node v.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • node1: Vertex ➡ The first value in communicability calculation.
  • node2: Vertex ➡ The second value in communicability calculation.
  • communicability: double ➡ The value of communicability between two values.

Usage:

To calculate communicability, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.communicability() 
YIELD node1, node2, communicability
RETURN node1, node2, communicability
ORDER BY communicability DESC;

core_number()

Returns the core number for each node.

A k-core is a maximal subgraph that contains nodes of degree k or more.

The core number of a node is the largest value k of a k-core containing that node.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • node: Vertex ➡ Node to calculate k-core for.
  • core: integer ➡ Largest value k of a k-core.

Usage:

To calculate the core number, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.core_number() 
YIELD node core
RETURN node, core
ORDER BY core DESC;

degree_assortativity_coefficient()

Compute degree assortativity of a graph.

Assortativity measures the similarity of connections in the graph with respect to the node degree.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • x: string (default="out") ➡ The degree type for source node (directed graphs only). Can be "in" or "out".
  • y: string (default="in") ➡ The degree type for target node (directed graphs only). Can be "in" or "out".
  • weight: string (default=NULL) ➡ The relationship attribute that holds the numerical value used as a weight. If None, then each relationship has weight
    1. The degree is the sum of the relationship weights adjacent to the node.
  • nodes: List[Vertex] (default=NULL) ➡ Compute degree assortativity only for nodes in a container. The default is all nodes.

Output:

  • assortativity: double ➡ Assortativity of graph by degree.

Usage:

To compute degree assortativity of a graph, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.degree_assortativity_coefficient('out', 'in') 
YIELD assortativity
RETURN assortativity;

descendants()

Returns all nodes reachable from source in G.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • source: Vertex ➡ A node in G.

Output:

  • descendants: List[Vertex] ➡ The descendants of source in G.

Usage:

To compute degree assortativity, run the following query:

MATCH (source:Label)
CALL nxalg.descendants(source) 
YIELD descendants
RETURN descendants;

dfs_postorder_nodes()

Returns nodes in a depth-first-search post-ordering starting at source.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • source: Vertex ➡ Specify the maximum search depth.
  • depth_limit: integer (default=NULL) ➡ Specify the maximum search depth.

Output:

  • nodes: List[Vertex] ➡ A list of nodes in a depth-first-search post-ordering.

Usage:

To return nodes in a DFS post-ordering, run the following query:

MATCH (source:Label)
CALL nxalg.dfs_postorder_nodes(source, 10) 
YIELD nodes
RETURN source, nodes;

dfs_predecessors()

Returns a dictionary of predecessors in depth-first-search from source.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • source: Vertex ➡ Specify the maximum search depth.
  • depth_limit: integer (default=NULL) ➡ Specify the maximum search depth.

Output:

  • node: Vertex ➡ Node we are looking a predecessor for.
  • predecessor: Vertex ➡ predecessor of a given node.

Usage:

To return a dictionary of predecessors, run the following query:

MATCH (source:Label)
CALL nxalg.dfs_predecessors(source, 10) 
YIELD node, predecessor
RETURN node, predecessor;

dfs_preorder_nodes()

Returns nodes in a depth-first-search pre-ordering starting at source.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • source: Vertex ➡ Specify starting node for depth-first search and return nodes in the component reachable from this node.
  • depth_limit: integer (default=NULL) ➡ Specify the maximum search depth.

Output:

  • nodes: List[Vertex] ➡ A list of nodes in a depth-first-search pre-ordering.

Usage:

To return nodes in a DFS pre-ordering, run the following query:

MATCH (source:Label)
CALL nxalg.dfs_preorder_nodes(source, 10) 
YIELD nodes
RETURN source, nodes AS preoder_nodes;

dfs_successors()

Returns a dictionary of successors in depth-first-search from source.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • source: Vertex ➡ Specify starting node for depth-first search and return nodes in the component reachable from this node.
  • depth_limit: integer (default=NULL) ➡ Specify the maximum search depth.

Output:

  • node: Vertex ➡ Node to calculate successors
  • successors: List[Vertex] ➡ Successors of a given nodes

Usage:

To get a dictionary of successors, run the following query:

MATCH (source:Label)
CALL nxalg.dfs_successors(source, 5) 
YIELD node, successors
RETURN node, successors;

dfs_tree()

Returns an oriented tree constructed from a depth-first-search from source.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • source: Vertex ➡ Specify starting node for depth-first search.
  • depth_limit: integer (default=NULL) ➡ Specify the maximum search depth.

Output:

  • tree: List[Vertex] ➡ An oriented tree in a form of a list.

Usage:

To get an oriented tree construct, run the following query:

MATCH (source:Label)
CALL nxalg.dfs_tree(source, 7) 
YIELD tree
RETURN tree;

diameter()

Returns the diameter of the graph G.

The diameter is the maximum eccentricity.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • diameter: integer ➡ Diameter of graph.

Usage:

To get the diameter of the graph, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.diameter() 
YIELD diameter
RETURN diameter;

dominance_frontiers()

Returns the dominance frontiers of all nodes of a directed graph.

The dominance frontier of a node d is the set of all nodes such that d dominates an immediate predecessor of a node, but d does not strictly dominate that node.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • start: Vertex ➡ The start node of dominance computation.

Output:

  • node: Vertex ➡ Node to calculate frontier.
  • frontier: List[Vertex] ➡ Dominance frontier for a given node.

Usage:

To calculate dominance frontiers, run the following query:

MATCH (source:Label)
CALL nxalg.dominance_frontiers(source) 
YIELD node, frontier
RETURN node, frontier;

dominating_set()

Finds a dominating set for the graph G.

A dominating set for a graph with node set V is a subset D of V such that every node not in D is adjacent to at least one member of D.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • start: Vertex ➡ Node to use as a starting point for the algorithm.

Output:

  • dominating_set: List[Vertex] ➡ A dominating set for G.

Usage:

To find a dominating set for the graph, run the following query:

MATCH (source:Label)
CALL nxalg.dominating_set(source) 
YIELD dominating_set
RETURN dominating_set;

edge_bfs()

A directed, breadth-first-search of relationships in G, beginning at source.

Return the relationships of G in a breadth-first-search order continuing until all relationships are generated.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • source: Vertex ➡ The node from which the traversal begins. If None, then a source is chosen arbitrarily and repeatedly until all relationships from each node in the graph are searched.
  • orientation: string (default=NULL) ➡ For directed graphs and directed multigraphs, relationship traversals need not respect the original orientation of the relationships. When set to reverse, every relationship is traversed in the reverse direction. When set to ignore, every relationship is treated as undirected. When set to original, every relationship is treated as directed. In all three cases, the returned relationship tuples add a last entry to indicate the direction in which that relationship was traversed. If orientation is None, the returned relationship has no direction indicated. The direction is respected, but not reported.

Output:

  • edges: List[Edges] ➡ A directed relationship indicating the path taken by the breadth-first-search. For graphs, relationship is of the form (u, v) where u and v are the tail and head of the relationship as determined by the traversal. For multigraphs, relationship is of the form (u, v, key), where key is the key of the relationship. When the graph is directed, then u and v are always in the order of the actual directed relationship. If orientation is not None then the relationship tuple is extended to include the direction of traversal (forward or reverse) on that relationship.

Usage:

To return the list of relationships, run the following query:

MATCH (source:Label)
CALL nxalg.edge_bfs(source, 'ignore')
YIELD edges
RETURN source, edges;

edge_dfs()

A directed, depth-first-search of relationships in G, beginning at source.

Return the relationships of G in a depth-first-search order continuing until all relationships are generated.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • source: Vertex (default=NULL) ➡ The node from which the traversal begins. If None, then a source is chosen arbitrarily and repeatedly until all relationships from each node in the graph are searched.
  • orientation: string (default=NULL) ➡ For directed graphs and directed multigraphs, relationship traversals need not respect the original orientation of the relationships. When set to reverse, every relationship is traversed in the reverse direction. When set to ignore, every relationship is treated as undirected. When set to original, every relationship is treated as directed. In all three cases, the returned relationship tuples add a last entry to indicate the direction in which that relationship was traversed. If orientation is None, the returned relationship has no direction indicated. The direction is respected, but not reported.

Output:

  • edges: List[Edge] ➡ A directed relationship indicating the path taken by the depth-first traversal. For graphs, relationship is of the form (u, v) where u and v are the tail and head of the relationship as determined by the traversal. For multigraphs, relationship is of the form (u, v, key), where key is the key of the relationship. When the graph is directed, then u and v are always in the order of the actual directed relationship. If orientation is not None then the relationship tuple is extended to include the direction of traversal (forward or reverse) on that relationship.

Usage:

To get a directed DFS of relationships, run the following query:

MATCH (source:Label)
CALL nxalg.edge_dfs(source, 'original') 
YIELD edges
RETURN source, edges;

find_cliques()

Returns all maximal cliques in an undirected graph.

For each node v, a maximal clique for v is the largest complete subgraph containing v. The largest maximal clique is sometimes called the maximum clique.

This function returns an iterator over cliques, each of which is a list of nodes. It is an iterative implementation, so should not suffer from recursion depth issues.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • cliques: List[List[Vertex]] ➡ An iterator over maximal cliques, each of which is a list of nodes in G. The order of cliques is arbitrary.

Usage:

To get all maximal cliques, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.find_cliques() 
YIELD cliques
RETURN cliques;

find_cycle()

Returns a cycle found via depth-first traversal.

A cycle is a closed path in the graph. The orientation of directed relationships is determined by orientation.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • source: List[Vertex] (default=NULL) ➡ The node from which the traversal begins. If None, then a source is chosen arbitrarily and repeatedly until all relationships from each node in the graph are searched.
  • orientation: string (default=NULL) ➡ For directed graphs and directed multigraphs, relationship traversals need not respect the original orientation of the relationships. When set to reverse every relationship is traversed in the reverse direction. When set to ignore, every relationship is treated as undirected. When set to original, every relationship is treated as directed. In all three cases, the yielded relationship tuples add a last entry to indicate the direction in which that relationship was traversed. If orientation is None, the yielded relationship has no direction indicated. The direction is respected, but not reported.

Output:

  • cycle: List[Edge] ➡ A list of directed relationships indicating the path taken for the loop. If no cycle is found, then an exception is raised. For graphs, an relationship is of the form (u, v) where u and v are the tail and the head of the relationship as determined by the traversal. For multigraphs, an relationship is of the form (u, v, key), where key is the key of the relationship. When the graph is directed, then u and v are always in the order of the actual directed relationship. If orientation is not None then the relationship tuple is extended to include the direction of traversal (forward or reverse) on that relationship.

Usage:

To get a cylce, run the following query:

MATCH (n:Node)
WITH collect(n) AS source
CALL nxalg.find_cycle(source) 
YIELD cycle
RETURN source, cycle;

flow_hierarchy()

Returns the flow hierarchy of a directed network.

Flow hierarchy is defined as the fraction of relationships not participating in cycles in a directed graph.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • weight: string (default=NULL) ➡ Attribute to use for node weights. If None, the weight defaults to 1.

Output:

  • flow_hierarchy: double ➡ Flow hierarchy value.

Usage:

To get the flow hierarchy of a directed network, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.flow_hierarchy() 
YIELD 
RETURN flow_hierarchy;

global_efficiency()

Returns the average global efficiency of the graph. The efficiency of a pair of nodes in a graph is the multiplicative inverse of the shortest path distance between the nodes. The average global efficiency of a graph is the average efficiency of all pairs of nodes.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • global_efficiency: double ➡ The average global efficiency of the graph.

Usage:

To get average global efficiency, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.global_efficiency() 
YIELD global_efficiency
RETURN global_efficiency;

greedy_color()

Color a graph using various strategies of greedy graph coloring. Attempts to color a graph using as few colors as possible, where no neighbors of a node can have the same color as the node itself. The given strategy determines the order in which nodes are colored.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • strategy ➡ The parameter function(G,colors) is a function (or a string representing a function) that provides the coloring strategy, by returning nodes in the order they should be colored. G is the graph, and colors is a dictionary of the currently assigned colors, keyed by nodes. The function must return an iterable over all the nodes in G. If the strategy function is an iterator generator (a function with yield statements), keep in mind that the colors dictionary will be updated after each yield, since this function chooses colors greedily. If strategy is a string, it must be one of the following, each of which represents one of the built-in strategy functions:
    • 'largest_first'
    • 'random_sequential'
    • 'smallest_last'
    • 'independent_set'
    • 'connected_sequential_bfs'
    • 'connected_sequential_dfs'
    • 'connected_sequential' (alias for the previous strategy)
    • 'saturation_largest_first' 'DSATUR' (alias for the previous strategy)
  • interchange: boolean (default=False) ➡ Will use the color interchange algorithm if set to True. Note that saturation_largest_first and independent_set do not work with interchange. Furthermore, if you use interchange with your own strategy function, you cannot rely on the values in the colors argument.

Output:

  • node: Vertex ➡ Vertex to color.
  • color: integer ➡ Color index of a certain node.

Usage:

To color the graph, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.greedy_color('connected_sequential_bfs') 
YIELD node, color
RETURN node, color;

has_eulerian_path()

An Eulerian path is a path in a graph that uses each relationship of a graph exactly once.

A directed graph has an Eulerian path if:

  • at most one vertex has out_degree - in_degree = 1,
  • at most one vertex has in_degree - out_degree = 1,
  • every other vertex has equal in_degree and out_degree,
  • and all of its vertices with nonzero degree belong to a single connected component of the underlying undirected graph.

An undirected graph has an Eulerian path if exactly zero or two vertices have an odd degree and all of its vertices with nonzero degrees belong to a single connected component.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • has_eulerian_path: boolean ➡ True if G has an eulerian path.

Usage:

To get Eulerian path, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.has_eulerian_path() 
YIELD has_eulerian_path
RETURN has_eulerian_path;

has_path()

Returns True if G has a path from source to target.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • source: Vertex ➡ Starting node for the path.
  • target: Vertex ➡ Ending node for the path.

Output:

  • has_path: boolean ➡ True if G has a path from source to target.

Usage:

To find a path, run the following query:

MATCH (n:Label), (m:Label)
CALL nxalg.has_path(n, m) 
YIELD has_path
RETURN has_path;

immediate_dominators()

Returns the immediate dominators of all nodes of a directed graph. The immediate dominator of a node is the unique node that Strictly dominates a node n but does not strictly dominate any other node That dominates n.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • start: Vertex ➡ The start node of dominance computation.

Output:

  • node: Vertex ➡ Vertex to calculate dominator for.
  • dominator: Vertex ➡ Dominator node for certain vertex.

Usage:

To get immediate dominators, run the following query:

MATCH (n:Label)
CALL nxalg.immediate_dominators(n) 
YIELD node, dominator
RETURN node, dominator;

is_arborescence()

Returns True if G is an arborescence. An arborescence is a directed tree with maximum in-degree equal to 1.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • is_arborescence: boolean ➡ A boolean that is True if G is an arborescence.

Usage:

To find out if the graph is arborescence, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.is_arborescence() 
YIELD is_arborescence
RETURN is_arborescence;

is_at_free()

Check if a graph is AT-free. The method uses the find_asteroidal_triple method to recognize an AT-free graph. If no asteroidal triple is found, the graph is AT-free and True is returned. If at least one asteroidal triple is found, the graph is not AT-free and False is returned.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • is_at_free: boolean ➡ True if G is AT-free and False otherwise.

Usage:

To check if the graph is AT-free, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.is_at_free() 
YIELD is_at_free
RETURN is_at_free;

is_bipartite()

Returns True if graph G is bipartite, False if not. A bipartite graph (or bigraph) is a graph in which nodes can be divided into two disjoint and independent sets u and v and such that every relationship connects a vertex in u one in v.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • is_bipartite: boolean ➡ True if G is bipartite and False otherwise.

Usage:

To find out if the graph is bipartite, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.is_bipartite() 
YIELD is_bipartite
RETURN is_bipartite;

is_branching()

Returns True if G is a branching. A branching is a directed forest with maximum in-degree equal to 1.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • is_branching: boolean ➡ A boolean that is True if G is a branching.

Usage:

To find out if the graph is branching, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.is_branching() 
YIELD is_branching
RETURN is_branching;

is_chordal()

Checks whether G is a chordal graph. A graph is chordal if every cycle of length at least 4 has a chord (an relationship joining two nodes not adjacent in the cycle).

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • is_chordal: boolean ➡ True if G is a chordal graph and False otherwise.

Usage:

To check if the graph is chordal, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.is_chordal()
YIELD is_chordal
RETURN is_chordal;

is_distance_regular()

Returns True if the graph is distance regular, False otherwise. A connected graph G is distance-regular if for any nodes x,y and any integers i,j=0,1,...,d (where d is the graph diameter), the number of vertices at distance i from x and distance j from y depends only on i,j and the graph distance between x and y, independently of the choice of x and y.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • is_distance_regular: boolean ➡ True if the graph is distance regular, False otherwise.

Usage:

To check if the graph is distance regular, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.is_distance_regular() 
YIELD is_distance_regular
RETURN is_distance_regular;

is_edge_cover()

Decides whether a set of relationships is a valid relationship cover of the graph. Given a set of relationships, it can be decided whether the set is an edge covering if checked whether all nodes of the graph have an relationship from the set incident on it.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • cover: List[Edge] ➡ A list of relationships to be checked.

Output:

  • is_edge_cover: boolean ➡ Whether the set of relationships is a valid edge cover of the graph.

Usage:

To check if a set of relationshiips is a valid relationship cover of the graph, run the following query:

MATCH (n)-[e]-(m)
WITH COLLECT(e) AS cover
CALL nxalg.is_edge_cover(cover) 
YIELD is_edge_cover
RETURN is_edge_cover;

is_eulerian()

Returns True if and only if G is Eulerian. A graph is Eulerian if it has an Eulerian circuit. An Eulerian circuit is a closed walk that includes each relationship of a graph exactly once.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • is_eulerian: boolean ➡ True if G is Eulerian.

Usage:

To check if the graph is Eulerian, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.is_eulerian() 
YIELD is_eulerian
RETURN is_eulerian;

is_forest()

Returns True if G is a forest. A forest is a graph with no undirected cycles. For directed graphs, G is a forest if the underlying graph is a forest. The underlying graph is obtained by treating each directed relationship as a single undirected relationship in a multigraph.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • is_forest: boolean ➡ A boolean that is True if G is a forest.

Usage:

To check if a graph is a forest, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.is_forest()
YIELD is_forest
RETURN is_forest;

is_isolate()

Determines whether a node is an isolate. An isolate is a node with no neighbors (that is, with degree zero). For directed graphs, this means no in-neighbors and no out-neighbors.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • n: Vertex ➡ A node in G.

Output:

  • is_isolate: boolean ➡ True if and only if n has no neighbors.

Usage:

To check if a nodes is an isolate, run the following query:

MATCH (n)
CALL nxalg.is_isolate(n) 
YIELD is_isolate
RETURN is_isolate;

is_isomorphic()

Returns True if the graphs G1 and G2 are isomorphic and False otherwise. The two graphs G1 and G2 must be the same type.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • nodes1: List[Vertex] ➡ Nodes in G1.
  • edges1: List[Edge] ➡ Edges in G1.
  • nodes2: List[Vertex] ➡ Nodes in G2.
  • edges2: List[Edge] ➡ Edges in G2.

Output:

  • is_isomorphic: boolean ➡ True if the graphs G1 and G2 are isomorphic and False otherwise.

Usage:

To check if the graph is isomorphic, run the following query:

MATCH (n:Label1)-[e]-(), (r:Label2)-[f]-()
WITH
COLLECT(n) AS nodes1
COLLECT(e) AS edges1
COLLECT(r) AS nodes2
COLLECT(f) AS edges2
CALL nxalg.is_isomorphic(nodes1, edges1, nodes2, edges2) 
YIELD is_isomorphic
RETURN is_isomorphic;

is_semieulerian()

Returns True if G is semi-Eulerian.

G is semi-Eulerian if it has an Eulerian path but no Eulerian circuit.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • is_semieulerian: boolean ➡ True if G is semi-Eulerian.

Usage:

To check if the graph is semi-Eulerian, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.is_semieulerian() 
YIELD is_semieulerian
RETURN is_semieulerian;

is_simple_path()

Returns True if and only if the given nodes form a simple path in G. A simple path in a graph is a non-empty sequence of nodes in which no node appears more than once in the sequence and each adjacent pair of nodes in the sequence is adjacent in the graph.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • nodes: List[Vertex] ➡ A list of one or more nodes in the graph G.

Output:

  • is_simple_path: boolean ➡ Whether the given list of nodes represents a simple path in G.

Usage:

To check if the path is simple, run the following query:

MATCH (n:Label)
WITH COLLECT(n) AS nodes
CALL nxalg.is_simple_path(nodes) 
YIELD is_simple_path
RETURN is_simple_path;

is_strongly_regular()

Returns True if and only if the given graph is strongly regular. An undirected graph is strongly regular if:

  • it is regular,
  • each pair of adjacent vertices has the same number of neighbors in common,
  • each pair of nonadjacent vertices has the same number of neighbors in common.

Each strongly regular graph is a distance-regular graph. Conversely, if a distance-regular graph has a diameter of two, then it is a strongly regular graph.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • is_strongly_regular: boolean ➡ Whether G is strongly regular.

Usage:

To check if the graph is strongly regular, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.is_strongly_regular() 
YIELD is_strongly_regular
RETURN is_strongly_regular;

is_tournament()

Returns True if and only if G is a tournament.

A tournament is a directed graph, with neither self-loops nor multi-relationships, in which there is exactly one directed relationship joining each pair of distinct nodes.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • is_tournament: boolean ➡ Whether the given graph is a tournament graph.

Usage:

To check if the graph is a tournament, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.is_tournament() 
YIELD is_tournament
RETURN is_tournament;

is_tree()

Returns True if G is a tree. A tree is a connected graph with no undirected cycles. For directed graphs, G is a tree if the underlying graph is a tree. The underlying graph is obtained by treating each directed relationship as a single undirected relationship in a multigraph.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • is_tree: boolean ➡ A boolean that is True if G is a tree.

Usage:

To check if the graph is a tree, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.is_tree() 
YIELD is_tree
RETURN is_tree;

isolates()

Returns a list of isolates in the graph. An isolate is a node with no neighbors (that is, with degree zero). For directed graphs, this means no in-neighbors and no out-neighbors.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • isolates: List[Vertex] ➡ A list of isolates in G.

Usage:

To get isolates, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.isolates() 
YIELD isolates
RETURN isolates;

jaccard_coefficient()

Compute the Jaccard coefficient of all node pairs in ebunch.

Jaccard coefficient compares members of two sets to see which members are shared and which are distinct.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • ebunch: List[List[Vertex]] (default=NULL) ➡ Jaccard coefficient will be computed for each pair of nodes given in the iterable. The pairs must be given as 2-tuples (u, v) where u and v are nodes in the graph. If ebunch is None then all non-existent relationships in the graph will be used.

Output:

  • u: Vertex ➡ First node in pair.
  • v: Vertex ➡ Second node in pair.
  • coef: Vertex ➡ Jaccard coefficient.

Usage:

To calculate the Jaccard coefficient, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.jaccard_coefficient() 
YIELD u, v, coef
RETURN u, v, coef;

k_clique_communities()

Find k-clique communities in a graph using the percolation method. A k-clique community is the union of all cliques of size k that can be reached through adjacent (sharing k-1 nodes) k-cliques.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • k: integer ➡ Size of the smallest clique.
  • cliques: List[List[Vertex]] (default=NULL) ➡ Precomputed cliques (use networkx.find_cliques(G)).

Output:

  • communities: List[List[Vertex]] ➡ Sets of nodes, one for each k-clique community.

Usage:

To find k-clique communities, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.k_clique_communities(3) 
YIELD communities
RETURN communities;

k_components()

Returns the approximate k-component structure of a graph G. A k-component is a maximal subgraph of a graph G that has, at least, node connectivity k: we need to remove at least k nodes to break it into more components. k-components have an inherent hierarchical structure because they are nested in terms of connectivity: a connected graph can contain several 2-components, each of which can contain one or more 3-components, and so forth. This implementation is based on the fast heuristics to approximate the k-component structure of a graph. This, in turn, is based on a fast approximation algorithm for finding good lower bounds of the number of node independent paths between two nodes.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • density: double (default=0.95) ➡ Density relaxation threshold.

Output:

  • k: integer ➡ Connectivity level k
  • components: List[List[Vertex]] ➡ List of sets of nodes that form a k-component of level k as values.

Usage:

To get the approximate k-component structure of the graph, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.k_components(0.8) 
YIELD k, components
RETURN k, components;

k_edge_components()

Returns nodes in each maximal k-edge-connected component in G. A connected graph is k-edge-connected if it remains connected whenever fewer than k relationships are removed. The relationship-connectivity of a graph is the largest k for which the graph is k-edge-connected.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • k: integer ➡ Desired relationship connectivity.

Output:

  • components: List[List[Vertex]] ➡ A list of k-edge-connected components. Each set of returned nodes will have k-edge-connectivity in the graph G.

Usage:

To get k-edge-connected components, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.k_edge_components(3) 
YIELD components
RETURN components;

local_efficiency()

Returns the average local efficiency of the graph. The efficiency of a pair of nodes in a graph is the multiplicative inverse of the shortest path distance between the nodes. The local efficiency of a node in the graph is the average global efficiency of the subgraph induced by the neighbors of the node. The average local efficiency is the average of the local efficiencies of each node.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • local_efficiency: double ➡ The average local efficiency of the graph.

Usage:

To get the average local efficiency of the graph, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.local_efficiency() 
YIELD local_efficiency
RETURN local_efficiency;

lowest_common_ancestor()

Compute the lowest common ancestor of the given pair of nodes.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • node1: Vertex ➡ A node in the graph.
  • node2: Vertex ➡ A node in the graph.

Output:

  • ancestor: Vertex ➡ The lowest common ancestor of node1 and node2, or default if they have no common ancestors.

Usage:

To compute the lowest common ancestor, run the following query:

MATCH (n), (m)
WHERE n != m
CALL nxalg.lowest_common_ancestor(n, m) 
YIELD ancestor
RETURN n, m, ancestor;

maximal_matching()

A matching is a subset of relationships in which no node occurs more than once. A maximal matching cannot add more relationships and still be a matching.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • edges: List[Edge] ➡ A maximal matching of the graph.

Usage:

To get maximal matching of the graph, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.maximal_matching() 
YIELD edges
RETURN edges;

minimum_spanning_tree()

Returns a minimum spanning tree or forest on an undirected graph G. A minimum spanning tree is a subset of the relationships of a connected, undirected graph that connects all of the vertices together without any cycles.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • weight: string (default="weight") ➡ Data key to use for relationship weights.
  • algorithm: string (default="kruskal") ➡ The algorithm to use when finding a minimum spanning tree. Valid choices are kruskal, prim, or boruvka.
  • ignore_nan: boolean (default=False) ➡ If NaN is found as an relationship weight normally an exception is raised. If ignore_nan is True then that relationship is ignored.

Output:

  • node: List[Vertex] ➡ A minimum spanning tree or forest.
  • edges: List[Edge] ➡ A minimum spanning tree or forest.

Usage:

To get a minimum spanning tree, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.minimum_spanning_tree("weight", "prim", TRUE) 
YIELD node, edges
RETURN node, edges;

multi_source_dijkstra_path()

Find shortest weighted paths in G from a given set of source nodes.

Compute shortest path between any of the source nodes and all other reachable nodes for a weighted graph.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • sources: List[Vertex] ➡ Starting nodes for paths. If this is a set containing a single node, then all paths computed by this function will start from that node. If there are two or more nodes in the set, the computed paths may begin from any one of the start nodes.
  • cutoff: integer (default=NULL) ➡ Depth to stop the search. Only return paths with length <= cutoff.
  • weight: string ➡ If this is a string, then relationship weights will be accessed via the relationship attribute with this key (that is, the weight of the relationship joining u to v will be G.edges[u, v][weight]). If no such relationship attribute exists, the weight of the relationship is assumed to be one. If this is a function, the weight of an relationship is the value returned by the function. The function must accept exactly three positional arguments: the two endpoints of an relationship and the dictionary of relationship attributes for that relationship. The function must return a number.

Output:

  • target: Vertex ➡ Target key for shortest path.
  • path: List[Vertex] ➡ Shortest path in a list.

Usage:

To find shortest weighted paths, run the following query:

MATCH (n:Label)
COLLECT (n) AS sources
CALL nxalg.multi_source_dijkstra_path(sources, 7) 
YIELD target, path
RETURN target, path;

multi_source_dijkstra_path_length()

Find shortest weighted path lengths in G from a given set of source nodes.

Compute the shortest path length between any of the source nodes and all other reachable nodes for a weighted graph.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • sources: List[Vertex] ➡ Starting nodes for paths. If this is a set containing a single node, then all paths computed by this function will start from that node. If there are two or more nodes in the set, the computed paths may begin from any one of the start nodes.
  • cutoff: integer (default=NULL) ➡ Depth to stop the search. Only return paths with length <= cutoff.
  • weight: string ➡ If this is a string, then relationship weights will be accessed via the relationship attribute with this key (that is, the weight of the relationship joining u to v will be G.edges[u, v][weight]). If no such relationship attribute exists, the weight of the relationship is assumed to be one. If this is a function, the weight of an relationship is the value returned by the function. The function must accept exactly three positional arguments: the two endpoints of an relationship and the dictionary of relationship attributes for that relationship. The function must return a number.

Output:

  • target: Vertex ➡ Target key for shortest path.
  • length: double ➡ Shortest path length.

Usage:

To find the shortest path length, run the following query:

MATCH (n:Label)
COLLECT (n) AS sources
CALL nxalg.multi_source_dijkstra_path_length(sources, 5)
YIELD target, length
RETURN target, length;

node_boundary()

Returns the node boundary of nbunch1.

The node boundary of a set S with respect to a set T is the set of nodes v in T such that for some u in S, there is an relationship joining u to v. If T is not specified, it is assumed to be the set of all nodes not in S.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • nbunch1: List[Vertex] ➡ List of nodes in the graph representing the S set of nodes whose node boundary will be returned.
  • nbunch2: List[Vertex] (default=NULL) ➡ List of nodes representing the T target (or “exterior”) set of nodes. If not specified, this is assumed to be the set of all nodes in G not in nbunch1.

Output:

  • boundary: List[Vertex] ➡ The node boundary of nbunch1 with respect to nbunch2.

Usage:

To get node boundary, run the following query:

MATCH (n:Label)
COLLECT (n) AS sources1
CALL nxalg.node_boundary(sources1) 
YIELD boundary
RETURN boundary;

node_connectivity()

Returns an approximation for node connectivity for a graph or digraph G.

Node connectivity is equal to the minimum number of nodes that must be removed to disconnect G or render it trivial. By Mengers theorem, this is equal to the number of node independent paths (paths that share no nodes other than sourceandtarget). If sourceandtargetnodes are provided, this function returns the local node connectivity: the minimum number of nodes that must be removed to break all paths from source totargetinG`. This algorithm is based on a fast approximation that gives a strict lower bound on the actual number of node independent paths between two nodes. It works for both directed and undirected graphs.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • source: Vertex (default=NULL) ➡ Source node.
  • target: Vertex (default=NULL) ➡ Target node.

Output:

  • connectivity: integer ➡ Node connectivity of G, or local node connectivity if source and target are provided.

Usage:

To get an approximation for node connectivity, run the following query:

MATCH (n:Label), (m:Label)
CALL nxalg.node_connectivity(n, m) 
YIELD connectivity
RETURN connectivity;

node_expansion(s)

Returns the node expansion of the set S. The node expansion is the quotient of the size of the node boundary of S and the cardinality of S.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • s: List[Vertex] ➡ A sequence of nodes in G.

Output:

  • node_expansion: double ➡ The node expansion of the set S.

Usage:

To get the node expansion, run the following query:

MATCH (n:Label)
WITH COLLECT(n) AS s
CALL nxalg.node_expansion(s)
YIELD node_expansion
RETURN node_expansion;

non_randomness()

Compute the non-randomness of graph G. The first returned value non_randomness is the sum of non-randomness values of all relationships within the graph (where the non-randomness of an relationship tends to be small when the two nodes linked by that relationship are from two different communities). The second computed value relative_non_randomness is a relative measure that indicates to what extent graph G is different from random graphs in terms of probability. When it is close to 0, the graph tends to be more likely generated by an Erdos Renyi model.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • k: integer (default=NULL) ➡ The number of communities in G. If k is not set, the function will use a default community detection algorithm to set it.

Output:

  • non_randomness: double ➡ Non-randomness of a graph.
  • relative_non_randomness: double ➡ Relative non-randomness of a graph.

Usage:

To compute the non-randomness of the graph, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.non_randomness() 
YIELD non_randomness, relative_non_randomness
RETURN non_randomness, relative_non_randomness;

pagerank()

Returns the PageRank of the nodes in the graph.

PageRank computes a ranking of the nodes in the graph G based on the structure of the incoming links. It was originally designed as an algorithm to rank web pages.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • alpha: double (default=0.85) ➡ Damping parameter for PageRank.
  • personalization: string (default=NULL) ➡ The “personalization vector” consisting of a dictionary with a subset of graph nodes as a key and maps personalization value for each subset. At least one personalization value must be non-zero. If not specified, a nodes personalization value will be zero. By default, a uniform distribution is used.
  • max_iter: integer (default=100) ➡ Maximum number of iterations in power method eigenvalue solver.
  • tol: double (default=1e-06) ➡ Error tolerance used to check convergence in power method solver.
  • nstart: string (default=NULL) ➡ Starting value of PageRank iteration for each node.
  • weight: string (default="weight") ➡ Relationship data key to use as weight. If None, weights are set to 1.
  • dangling: string (default=NULL) ➡ The outedges to be assigned to any “dangling” nodes, i.e., nodes without any outedges. The dict key is the node the outedge points to and the dict value is the weight of that outedge. By default, dangling nodes are given outedges according to the personalization vector (uniform if not specified). This must be selected to result in an irreducible transition matrix. It may be common to have the dangling dict to be the same as the personalization dict.

Output:

  • node: Vertex ➡ Node to calculate PageRank for.
  • rank: double ➡ Node PageRank.

Usage:

To calculate PageRank, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.pagerank() 
YIELD node, rank
RETURN node, rank;

reciprocity()

Compute the reciprocity in a directed graph. The reciprocity of a directed graph is defined as the ratio of the number of relationships pointing in both directions to the total number of relationships in the graph. The reciprocity of a single node u is defined similarly, it is the ratio of the number of relationships in both directions to the total number of relationships attached to node u.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • nodes: List[Vertex] ➡ Compute reciprocity for nodes in this container.

Output:

  • node: Vertex ➡ Node to calculate reciprocity.
  • reciprocity: double ➡ Reciprocity value.

Usage:

To compute the reciprocity, run the following query:

MATCH(n:Label)
WITH COLLECT(n) AS nodes
CALL nxalg.reciprocity(nodes) 
YIELD node, reciprocity
RETURN node, reciprocity;

shortest_path()

Compute shortest paths in the graph.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • source: Vertex (default=NULL) ➡ Starting node for the path. If not specified, compute shortest path lengths using all nodes as source nodes.
  • target: Vertex (default=NULL) ➡ Ending node for the path. If not specified, compute shortest path lengths using all nodes as target nodes.
  • weight: string (default=NULL) ➡ If None, every relationship has weight/distance/cost 1. If a string, use this relationship attribute as the relationship weight. Any relationship attribute not present defaults to 1.
  • method: string (default="dijkstra") ➡ The algorithm to use to compute the path length. Supported options: dijkstra, bellman-ford. Other inputs produce a ValueError. If weight is None, unweighted graph methods are used and this suggestion is ignored.

Output:

  • source: Vertex ➡ Source node.
  • target: Vertex ➡ Target node.
  • path: List[Vertex] ➡ All returned paths include both the source and target in the path. If the source and target are both specified, return a single list of nodes in a shortest path from the source to the target. If only the source is specified, return a dictionary keyed by targets with a list of nodes in a shortest path from the source to one of the targets. If only the target is specified, return a dictionary keyed by sources with a list of nodes in a shortest path from one of the sources to the target. If neither the source nor target are specified return a dictionary of dictionaries with path[source][target]=[list of nodes in path].

Usage:

To compute shortest paths, run the following query:

MATCH (n:Label), (m:Label)
CALL nxalg.shortest_path(n, m) 
YIELD source, target, path
RETURN source, target, path;

shortest_path_length()

Compute shortest path lengths in the graph.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • source: Vertex (default=NULL) ➡ Starting node for the path. If not specified, compute shortest path lengths using all nodes as source nodes.
  • target: Vertex (default=NULL) ➡ Ending node for the path. If not specified, compute shortest path lengths using all nodes as target nodes.
  • weight: string (default=NULL) ➡ If None, every relationship has weight/distance/cost 1. If a string, use this relationship attribute as the relationship weight. Any relationship attribute not present defaults to 1.
  • method: string (default="dijkstra") ➡ The algorithm to use to compute the path length. Supported options: dijkstra, bellman-ford. Other inputs produce a ValueError. If weight is None, unweighted graph methods are used and this suggestion is ignored.

Output:

  • source: Vertex ➡ Source node.
  • target: Vertex ➡ Target node.
  • length: double ➡ If the source and target are both specified, return the length of the shortest path from the source to the target. If only the source is specified, return a dict keyed by target to the shortest path length from the source to that target. If only the target is specified, return a dict keyed by source to the shortest path length from that source to the target. If neither the source nor target are specified, return an iterator over (source, dictionary) where dictionary is keyed by target to shortest path length from source to that target.

Usage:

To compute shortest path lengths, run the following query:

MATCH (n:Label), (m:Label)
CALL nxalg.shortest_path_length(n, m) 
YIELD source, target, length
RETURN source, target, length;

simple_cycles()

Find simple cycles (elementary circuits) of a directed graph. A simple cycle, or elementary circuit, is a closed path where no node appears twice. Two elementary circuits are distinct if they are not cyclic permutations of each other. This is a nonrecursive, iterator/generator version of Johnson’s algorithm. There may be better algorithms for some cases.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • cycles: List[List[Vertex]] ➡ A list of elementary cycles in the graph. Each cycle is represented by a list of nodes in the cycle.

Usage:

TO find simple cycles, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.simple_cycles() 
YIELD cycles
RETURN cycles;

strongly_connected_components()

Returns nodes in strongly connected components of a graph.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • components: List[List[Vertex]] ➡ A list of lists of nodes, one for each strongly connected component of G.

Usage:

To get nodes in a stronly connected components, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.strongly_connected_components() 
YIELD components
RETURN components;

topological_sort()

Returns nodes in a topologically sorted order. A topological sort is a non unique permutation of the nodes such that an relationship from u to v implies that u appears before v in the topological sort order.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • nodes: List[Vertex] ➡ A list of nodes in topological sorted order.

Usage:

To return nodes in a topologically sorted order, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.topological_sort() 
YIELD nodes
RETURN nodes;

triadic_census()

Determines the triadic census of a directed graph. The triadic census is a count of how many of the 16 possible types of triads are present in a directed graph.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.

Output:

  • triad: string ➡ Triad name.
  • count: integer ➡ Number of occurrences as value.

Usage:

To determine the triadic census, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.triadic_census() 
YIELD triad, count
RETURN triad, count;

voronoi_cells()

Returns the Voronoi cells centered at center_nodes with respect to the shortest-path distance metric. If C is a set of nodes in the graph and c is an element of C, the Voronoi cell centered at a node c is the set of all nodes v that are closer to c than to any other center node in C with respect to the shortest-path distance metric. For directed graphs, this will compute the “outward” Voronoi cells in which distance is measured from the center nodes to the target node.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • center_nodes: List[Vertex] ➡ A nonempty set of nodes in the graph G that represent the centers of the Voronoi cells.
  • weight: string (default=NULL) ➡ The relationship attribute (or an arbitrary function) representing the weight of an relationship. This keyword argument is as described in the documentation for networkx.multi_source_dijkstra_path, for example.

Output:

  • center: Vertex ➡ Vertex value of center_nodes.
  • cell: List[Vertex] ➡ Partition of G closer to that center node.

Usage:

To get the Vornoi cells, run the following query:

MATCH (n)
WITH COLLECT(n) AS center_nodes
CALL nxalg.voronoi_cells(center_nodes)
YIELD counter, cell
RETURN center, cell;

wiener_index()

Returns the Wiener index of the given graph. The Wiener index of a graph is the sum of the shortest-path distances between each pair of reachable nodes. For pairs of nodes in undirected graphs, only one orientation of the pair is counted.

Input:

  • subgraph: Graph (OPTIONAL) ➡ A specific subgraph, which is an object of type Graph returned by the project() function, on which the algorithm is run. If subgraph is not specified, the algorithm is computed on the entire graph by default.
  • weight: string (default=NULL) ➡ The relationship attribute to use as distance when computing shortest-path distances. This is passed directly to the networkx.shortest_path_length function.

Output:

  • wiener_index: double ➡ The Wiener index of the graph G.

Usage:

To get the Wiener index, run the following query:

CALL nxalg.voronoi_cells() 
YIELD weiner_index
RETURN wiener_index;